Western anti-China forces led by the United States have joined in one after the other, and colluded with dissidents within the country to make slanderous attacks on us in the name of so-called press freedom and constitutional democracy, said Zhang Guangdong, a propaganda official in Lianyungang, citing the conclusions from the meeting of central propaganda officials. In particular, Li has frequently called for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (, ). She received a technical education from the Anshan Institute of Iron and Steel Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province (196569)1. Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. Hu Chunhua was born into a family of very humble means. Convection is different from conduction, which is a transfer of heat between . In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . The campaign carries some risks for Mr. Xi, who has indicated that the slowing economy needs new, more market-driven momentum that can come only from a relaxation of state influence. Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. Hu was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. Equally important, this latest action further alienates a number of critical constituencies whose power Xi may be underestimating. Sent-down youth () refers to young, educated urbanites who left their home cities to serve as manual laborers in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. Liberal intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. Having been nominated by Hu, Li was promoted to alternate member of the CCYL Secretariat three months later. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. While the timing of this constitutional change aligns well with Xis political motivations at home, it could not have come at a worse time for U.S.-China relations. He also served as president of the Central Party School (200712), the most important venue for training officials and ideological/policy research in the CCP. Deep-ocean currents are important regulators of global climate. Observers argue that Premier Li has been marginalized, as Xi has taken over all of the top posts in economic affairs4. For a detailed discussion of these cases, see Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. He is very important to me. Quoted from Bob Davis, Meeting Liu He, Xi Jinpings Choice to Fix a Faltering Chinese Economy, Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2013. Li advanced his early career primarily through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL), serving as secretary of the CCYL Committee at Peking University (198283). Xi said, This is Liu He. First, her leadership experience running an important province (Fujian) and two major cities (Tianjin and Dalian), as well as her tenure as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee, have prepared her for even more important posts in the national leadership. That is the existential question that will be posed to Chinas National Peoples Congress in the coming days, as it considers indefinitely handing over the countrys political reins to President Xi Jinping. He then became vice premier of the State Council (200813), a Politburo member (200717), and a Politburo Standing Committee Member (201217). His ancestral home is Cixi City, Zhejiang Province. A party paper, known as Document No. Han has been widely recognized as a member of the Jiang Zemin-Zeng Qinghong Shanghai Gang. Although Han served as a top CCYL official in Shanghai, his promotions have been more closely aligned with Jiangs Shanghai Gang than with the Hu Jintao-Li Keqiang CCYL faction3. Second, her low-profile personality and her demonstrated tenacity and political acumen, most notable in removing Bo Xilais protgs in Dalian even before Bos downfall, are indicative of her potential for leadership and political nerve. Learn more. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. The revisions also reflect one of the greatest paradoxes of Xis leadership, at once pushing for a greater emphasis on what he calls law-based governance and stronger legal institutions while enshrining his name in the law under which he is supposed to govern, not rule over. 3. Since 2006, it has been known as the Liaoning University of Science and Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 281. China Takes Aim at Western Ideas HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Of the many noteworthy developments from this period, the following three efforts stand out: Anti-Graft Campaign With the support of his principal political ally in the PSC, anticorruption czar Wang Qishan, Xi launched a remarkably bold national anti-graft campaign. If the international community views China through an increasingly negative lens, and if criticism from Chinese liberal intellectuals, rival political elites, and the Chinese citizenry gains steam, the result may be a leadership split and political instability in China. Hu volunteered to work in Tibet after graduation, where he established his patron-mentor relationship with Hu Jintao, who was then serving as party secretary (198892). Hu Chunhua was born in April 1963 in Wufeng County, Hubei Province. Habit #3: Fix, make or bake stuff yourself, because it strengthens your independence of thought from the soul-robbing, imagination-sucking, corporate production of stuff. Some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. They have been disillusioned by Xi's leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including constitutional democracy . Their work contains content that has appeared in art . There certainly isnt a consensus on how much de-risking and decoupling is necessary to strike the right balance between national security concerns and upholding American values and principles that have long held dear the free flow of information, people, trade and open markets. Below are background profiles for the seven top government leaders. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. She received her undergraduate degree in English at the PLA Foreign Language Institute in Luoyang and her doctoral degree in literature at the Chinese Academy of Social Science. The couple does not have any children. After the founding of the PRC, Liu Zhiyan served consecutively as an official in the Central Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee, as a Secretariat member of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, as a member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Yunnan Provincial Committee, and as secretary of the Secretariat and chief of staff of the CCP Southwestern Bureau. Even as Mr. Xi has sought to prepare some reforms to expose Chinas economy to stronger market forces, he has undertaken a mass line campaign to enforce party authority that goes beyond the partys periodic calls for discipline. Liu Zhiyans second marriage resulted in one son and one daughter. Li then served as party secretary of Liaoning Province (200407). Otherwise, based on his continued consolidation of power and ambitions for the countryand, indeed, himselfXis new era may resurrect an old problem. At the same time, China is increasingly using these freedoms in Europe to shape its agenda. On other policy issues, however, Xi has exhibited paradoxical preferences and tendencies. Sooner or later, some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. Most recently, she served as director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee (201417). He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. To better deter Russian subversion, we suggest concentrating defensive efforts on the most vulnerable regions and institutions and ensuring The campaign has resulted in the purges of not only retired heavyweight leaders such as former PSC member Zhou Yongkang, but also about 11 percent of the members of the 18th Central Committee, including Politburo member Sun Zhengcai. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). Li began working in the CCYL Central Committee at the end of 1982, precisely when Hu Jintao became secretary of the CCYL. Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). For more discussion about Hu Chunhuas patron-client ties with Hu Jintao, see Ren Huayi, The Sixth Generation: The CCPs Last Generation of Successors [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010), and Ke Wei, The Rising Stars of the CCPs Sixth Generation [] (Hong Kong: New Culture Press, 2010). Early in his career, Wang worked as a researcher and director at the Institute of Contemporary History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (197982) and then moved to the Rural Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee (198288). Psychodynamic Perspective. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Hu Chunhua was selected as a Politburo member in 2012 and is considered a front-runner of the so-called sixth generation leadership. But Xiangtan, the area in Hunan Province that encompasses Maos hometown, is spending $1 billion to spruce up commemorative sites and facilities for the occasion, according to the Xiangtan government Web site. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Even these relatively measured campaigns proved too much for party leaders, who are wary of any challenges that could swell into outright opposition. subversive meaning: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. Mandy Zuo, Partys number two woman Sun Chunlan named chief of Tianjin, South China Morning Post, November 22, 2012, (, Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction (2018present), Full member of the Central Committee of the CCP (2007present). Xi was in charge of preparations for both the2008 Summer Olympicsin Beijing and the 2009celebrations commemorating the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the PRC. Opponents of one-party rule, it says, have stirred up trouble about disclosing officials assets, using the Internet to fight corruption, media controls and other sensitive topics, to provoke discontent with the party and government.. He serves as a professor of economics at Renmin University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Read all the Order from Chaos content, 7 things you need to know about lifting term limits for Xi Jinping, USMCA Forward 2023: Building more integrated, resilient, and secure supply chains in North America, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 1: National Security, Strategic partner of choice: Canadas role in enhancing North American supply chain resiliency. In October 2007, he was promoted to Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice premier of the State Council (200813). The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. Liu He has also been recognized for his humble demeanor. (, SeeXi Jinpings Personal Secretary Suddenly Speaks Prior to Chinas Two Conferences: Some People Are Attempting An Internal Coup In the Party. [] Boxun, February 25, 2018. There is a bipartisan consensus on the fact that China poses a broad challenge to the United States across multiple domains. If these four leaders are excluded, 85 percent would be newcomers. But Mr. Xi and his colleagues were victims of expectations that they themselves encouraged, rather than a foreign conspiracy, analysts said. The mission of the Forum is to provide policy recommendations to the government on major economic issues. During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. He joined the CCP in 1974. 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